Friedrich Nietzsche. Premonition of the future. The will to power. The principle of confrontation of opposing wills
Friedrich Nietzsche was born in 1844 in the town of Recken in Thuringia (Prussia). His father was a Protestant priest from the Polish nobility, which explains his unusual surname (it is believed that its Polish version is Nitzke). After the death of his father and younger brother in 1850, his mother moved with Friedrich and his sister Elisabeth to Naumburg. Here Friedrich went to school, from 1858 he studied at the Pforta Gymnasium and was friends with the future Vedanta researcher Paul Deussen, then studied theology and philology at the University of Bonn in 1864 and moved to Leipzig in 1865 to attend seminars of the famous philologist Ritschl and improve his music.
The formation of philosophy in Ancient Greece. The emergence of philosophical and scientific knowledge
The emergence of philosophical and scientific knowledge in Ancient Greece was preceded by “mythological” knowledge — rooted in the life of the clan community and expressed in numerous forms of ritual practice and in the sacred legends of the Greek people — myths. Myth (Greek μύθος — “legend”, “story”) is a multi-layered and polyfunctional formation. Its main purpose is to present the experience of the interconnection of things as immediately given and “obvious”. From this follow its two fundamental characteristics: 1) the inseparability in the mythological representation of the material and the social, man and thing, thing and word, object and sign, the inseparability of the “subjective” and the “objective” in general — for which reason in ancient societies the explanation of the essence of a thing and the world was traditionally reduced to a “story” (legend) about creation or “natural” origin; 2) the content of the myth always seemed to ancient man to be “authentic” and “undoubted” (due to the “reliability” of understanding the world in the experience of many generations) and for this reason was usually the subject of stable faith and never of abstract criticism.